What each stat tells you
In basketball, the efficiency rating (PIR in Europe) adds positive contributions such as points, rebounds and assists and subtracts missed shots and turnovers. True shooting percentage (TS%) rolls free throws and threes into one shooting-quality number. In volleyball, hitting percentage is (kills − errors) ÷ total attempts.
Baseball and cricket
ERA is the earned runs a pitcher allows per nine innings; AVG, OBP and SLG describe a hitter’s contact, on-base and power, and OPS adds the last two. In cricket, net run rate (NRR) separates teams level on points in tournaments such as the IPL or the World Cup. Every formula follows the official definition and the working is shown.