Pace, time and distance
Pace is how long one kilometre or mile takes you. Know two of pace, time and distance and the third follows: running 10 km in 50 minutes needs 5:00 min/km (about 8:03 min/mile). The Riegel formula is the classic way to project a result to a longer race, but for the marathon it is optimistic unless your endurance training is in place.
Heart rate zones and fitness
Heart rate zones are the simplest way to individualise training intensity. 220 − age is only a rough estimate of maximum heart rate; the Tanaka formula (208 − 0.7 × age) fits adults better, and the Karvonen method also uses your resting heart rate. VO2 max tests track aerobic capacity as a single number. If you have a health condition, talk to a doctor before hard training.